Immunogenicity of Inactivated Polio Vaccine in Puerto Rico; A Comparative Cohort Study of Two Vaccination Schedules

CDC-NIP-3436

As poliovirus eradication progresses rapidly, strategies to discontinue oral poliovirus vaccination need to be established. One strategy would be to use inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) transitionally, and this has already occurred in the United States. It is not clear, however, if 3 doses of IPV provide sufficient immunogenicity when administered according to World Health Organization (WHO)/Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) schedule in a tropical, developing area where no wild-poliovirus circulates. Puerto Rico will be the study site for this randomized clinical trial. Healthy infants will be identified at birth in a hospital-system, enrolled within 4 weeks of birth, and randomized into one of two arms: United States of America (U.S.A.) schedule (8, 16, 24 weeks/2, 4, 6 months) or WHO schedule (6, 10, 14 weeks). Both groups will receive IPV at visits 1, 2 and 3. Infants will receive all age-appropriate EPI childhood vaccinations along with IPV, to decrease confusion and inconvenience to the parent. Serum will be collected twice, at visit 1 and visit 4 (30-45 days after IPV-3), to measure antibody titers. Sera will be measured for neutralizing antibodies at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Based on the lowest seroconversion rate estimate of 85%, and to have a probability of .80 that the estimate from this study is in error by no more than 10%, the investigators will need to enroll 220 infants in each arm. To compensate for attrition and retain statistical power, the investigators plan to enroll up to 250 infants in each arm. This study is expected to require at least 20 months to complete. Results will provide valuable and timely information applicable to global polio eradication efforts. Any participant found not to be protected after 3 doses of IPV will be given a booster at 9-12 months. Results will provide valuable and timely information applicable to global polio eradication efforts.

2003-07-01

2004-07-01

2004-07-01

Completed

473

Inclusion Criteria: * Infants under 48 hours of age born at San Lucas Hospital during study enrollment period * Infants with gestational age of \> 37 weeks as assessed by neonatologist * Mother/guardian gives informed consent * Infant is expected to reside in Puerto Rico for the following 8 months Exclusion Criteria: * Mother/guardian does not speak English or Spanish * Mother/guardian has religious/philosophical objection to immunizations * Infant has serious chronic or acute health problems that require hospitalization immediately (within 1 day) after birth (assessed by infant not being placed in San Lucas Hospital well-baby clinic) * Mother expects to travel with infant during study period to a country known to have circulating poliovirus or that uses oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV)

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2024-05-31