DailyMed Label: Niacin

DailyMed Label: Niacin

2023

DailyMed Prescription

Niacin

Niacin

Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC

NDC: 65162-321

NDC: 65162-321

NDC: 65162-323

NDC: 65162-323

Niacin extended-release tablets contain niacin, USP, which at therapeutic doses is an antihyperlipidemic agent. Niacin, USP (nicotinic acid, or 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid) is a white, crystalline powder, very soluble in water, with the following structural formula: Niacin extended-release tablets are unscored, light orange to orange, film-coated tablets for oral administration and are available in two tablet strengths containing 500 mg and 1,000 mg niacin. Niacin extended-release tablets also contain the following inactive ingredients: FD&C yellow #6/sunset yellow FCF aluminum lake, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hypromellose, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, polyethylene glycol 400, stearic acid and titanium dioxide. 4097803e-figure-01

Therapy with lipid-altering agents should be only one component of multiple risk factor intervention in individuals at significantly increased risk for atherosclerotic vascular disease due to hyperlipidemia. Niacin therapy is indicated as an adjunct to diet when the response to a diet restricted in saturated fat and cholesterol and other nonpharmacologic measures alone has been inadequate. Niacin extended-release tablets are indicated to reduce elevated TC, LDL-C, Apo B and TG levels, and to increase HDL-C in patients with primary hyperlipidemia and mixed dyslipidemia. In patients with a history of myocardial infarction and hyperlipidemia, niacin is indicated to reduce the risk of recurrent nonfatal myocardial infarction. In patients with a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and hyperlipidemia, niacin, in combination with a bile acid binding resin, is indicated to slow progression or promote regression of atherosclerotic disease. Niacin extended-release tablets in combination with a bile acid binding resin is indicated to reduce elevated TC and LDL-C levels in adult patients with primary hyperlipidemia. Niacin is also indicated as adjunctive therapy for treatment of adult patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia who present a risk of pancreatitis and who do not respond adequately to a determined dietary effort to control them.   Limitations of Use Addition of niacin extended-release tablets did not reduce cardiovascular morbidity or mortality among patients treated with simvastatin in a large, randomized controlled trial (AIM-HIGH) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Niacin extended-release tablets contain extended-release niacin (nicotinic acid) and are indicated: To reduce elevated TC, LDL-C, Apo B and TG, and to increase HDL-C in patients with primary hyperlipidemia and mixed dyslipidemia. ( 1 ) To reduce the risk of recurrent nonfatal myocardial infarction in patients with a history of myocardial infarction and hyperlipidemia. ( 1 ) In combination with a bile acid binding resin: Slows progression or promotes regression of atherosclerotic disease in patients with a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and hyperlipidemia. ( 1 ) As an adjunct to diet to reduce elevated TC and LDL-C in adult patients with primary hyperlipidemia. ( 1 ) To reduce TG in adult patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia. ( 1 ) Limitations of use: Addition of niacin extended-release tablets did not reduce cardiovascular morbidity or mortality among patients treated with simvastatin in a large, randomized controlled trial. ( 5.1 )

Niacin extended-release tablets should be taken at bedtime with a low-fat snack. ( 2.1 ) Dose range: 500 mg to 2,000 mg once daily. ( 2.1 ) Therapy with niacin extended-release tablets must be initiated at 500 mg at bedtime in order to reduce the incidence and severity of side effects which may occur during early therapy and should not be increased by more than 500 mg in any 4-week period. (2.1 ) Maintenance dose: 1,000 to 2,000 mg once daily. ( 2.2 ) Doses greater than 2,000 mg daily are not recommended. ( 2.2 ) Niacin extended-release tablets should be taken at bedtime, after a low-fat snack, and doses should be individualized according to patient response. Therapy with niacin extended-release tablets must be initiated at 500 mg at bedtime in order to reduce the incidence and severity of side effects which may occur during early therapy. The recommended dose escalation is shown in Table 1 below. Table 1. Recommended Dosing Week(s) Daily dose Niacin Extended-Release Tablets Dosage INITIAL TITRATION 1 to 4 500 mg 1 Niacin extended-release tablet 500 mg at bedtime SCHEDULE 5 to 8 1,000 mg 1 Niacin extended-release tablet 1,000 mg or 2 Niacin extended-release tablets 500 mg at bedtime * 1,500 mg 3 Niacin extended-release tablets 500 mg at bedtime * 2,000 mg 2 Niacin extended-release tablets 1,000 mg or 4 Niacin extended-release tablets 500 mg at bedtime * After Week 8, titrate to patient response and tolerance. If response to 1,000 mg daily is inadequate, increase dose to 1,500 mg daily; may subsequently increase dose to 2,000 mg daily. Daily dose should not be increased more than 500 mg in a 4-week period, and doses above 2,000 mg daily are not recommended. Women may respond at lower doses than men. The daily dosage of niacin extended-release tablets should not be increased by more than 500 mg in any 4–week period. The recommended maintenance dose is 1,000 mg (two 500 mg tablets or one 1,000 mg tablet) to 2,000 mg (two 1,000 mg tablets or four 500 mg tablets) once daily at bedtime. Doses greater than 2,000 mg daily are not recommended. Women may respond at lower niacin extended-release tablets doses than men [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ] . Single-dose bioavailability studies have demonstrated that two of the 500 mg and one of the 1,000 mg tablet strengths are interchangeable but three of the 500 mg and two of the 750 mg tablet strengths are not interchangeable. Flushing of the skin [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] may be reduced in frequency or severity by pretreatment with aspirin (up to the recommended dose of 325 mg taken 30 minutes prior to niacin extended-release tablets dose). Tolerance to this flushing develops rapidly over the course of several weeks. Flushing, pruritus, and gastrointestinal distress are also greatly reduced by slowly increasing the dose of niacin and avoiding administration on an empty stomach. Concomitant alcoholic, hot drinks or spicy foods may increase the side effects of flushing and pruritus and should be avoided around the time of niacin extended-release tablets ingestion. Equivalent doses of niacin extended-release tablets should not be substituted for sustained-release (modified-release, timed-release) niacin preparations or immediate-release (crystalline) niacin [see Warnings and Precautions (5) ] . Patients previously receiving other niacin products should be started with the recommended niacin extended-release tablets titration schedule (see Table 1), and the dose should subsequently be individualized based on patient response. If niacin extended-release tablets therapy is discontinued for an extended period, reinstitution of therapy should include a titration phase (see Table 1). Niacin extended-release tablets should be taken whole and should not be broken, crushed or chewed before swallowing. Use of niacin extended-release tablets in patients with renal or hepatic impairment has not been studied. Niacin extended-release tablets are contraindicated in patients with significant or unexplained hepatic dysfunction. Niacin extended-release tablets should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment [see Warnings and Precautions (5) ] .

500 mg light orange to orange colored, round shaped, film-coated tablets debossed with ‘AN 321’ on one side and plain on the other side. 1000 mg light orange to orange colored, capsule shaped, film-coated tablets debossed with ‘AN 323’ on one side and plain on the other side. Unscored film-coated tablets for oral administration: 500 mg and 1,000 mg niacin extended-release. ( 3 )

Niacin extended-release tablets are contraindicated in the following conditions: Active liver disease or unexplained persistent elevations in hepatic transaminases [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Patients with active peptic ulcer disease Patients with arterial bleeding Hypersensitivity to niacin or any component of this medication [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] Active liver disease, which may include unexplained persistent elevations in hepatic transaminase levels. ( 4 , 5.3 ) Active peptic ulcer disease. ( 4 ) Arterial bleeding. ( 4 ) Known hypersensitivity to product components. ( 4 , 6.1 )

Niacin extended-release preparations should not be substituted for equivalent doses of immediate-release (crystalline) niacin. For patients switching from immediate-release niacin to  niacin extended-release, therapy with niacin extended-release should be initiated with low doses (i.e. 500 mg at bedtime) and the niacin extended-release dose should then be titrated to the desired therapeutic response [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] .   Caution should also be used when niacin extended-release is used in patients with unstable angina or in the acute phase of an MI, particularly when such patients are also receiving vasoactive drugs such as nitrates, calcium channel blockers, or adrenergic blocking agents. Niacin is rapidly metabolized by the liver, and excreted through the kidneys. Niacin extended-release is contraindicated in patients with significant or unexplained hepatic impairment [see Contraindications (4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] and should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment. Patients with a past history of jaundice, hepatobiliary disease, or peptic ulcer should be observed closely during niacin extended-release therapy. Severe hepatic toxicity has occurred in patients substituting sustained-release niacin for immediate-release niacin at equivalent doses. ( 5.3 ) Myopathy has been reported in patients taking niacin extended-release. The risk for myopathy and rhabdomyolysis are increased among elderly patients; patients with diabetes, renal failure or uncontrolled hypothyroidism; and patients being treated with a statin. ( 5.2 ) Liver enzyme abnormalities and monitoring: Persistent elevations in hepatic transaminase can occur. Monitor liver enzymes before and during treatment. ( 5.3 ) Use with caution in patients with unstable angina or in the acute phase of an MI. ( 5 ) Niacin extended-release can increase serum glucose levels. Glucose levels should be closely monitored in diabetic or potentially diabetic patients particularly during the first few months of use or dose adjustment. ( 5.4 ) Niacin extended-release has not been shown to reduce cardiovascular morbidity or mortality among patients already treated with a statin. The Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome with Low HDL/High Triglycerides: Impact on Global Health Outcomes (AIM-HIGH) trial was a randomized placebo-controlled trial of 3,414 patients with stable, previously diagnosed cardiovascular disease. Mean baseline lipid levels were LDL-C 74 mg/dL, HDL-C 35 mg/dL, non-HDL-C 111 mg/dL and median triglyceride level of 163 mg/dL to 177 mg/dL. Ninety-four percent of patients were on background statin therapy prior to entering the trial. All participants received simvastatin, 40 to 80 mg per day, plus ezetimibe 10 mg per day if needed, to maintain an LDL-C level of 40 mg/dL to 80 mg/dL, and were randomized to receive niacin extended-release 1,500 mg/day to 2,000 mg/day (n = 1,718) or matching placebo (IR Niacin, 100 mg to 150 mg, n = 1,696). On-treatment lipid changes at two years for LDL-C were -12.0% for the simvastatin plus niacin extended-release group and -5.5% for the simvastatin plus placebo group. HDL-C increased by 25.0% to 42 mg/dL in the simvastatin plus niacin extended-release group and by 9.8% to 38 mg/dL in the simvastatin plus placebo group (P < 0.001). Triglyceride levels decreased by 28.6% in the simvastatin plus niacin extended-release group and by 8.1% in the simvastatin plus placebo group. The primary outcome was an ITT composite of the first study occurrence of coronary heart disease death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome or symptom-driven coronary or cerebral revascularization procedures. The trial was stopped after a mean follow-up period of 3 years owing to a lack of efficacy. The primary outcome occurred in 282 patients in the simvastatin plus niacin extended-release group (16.4%) and in 274 patients in the simvastatin plus placebo group (16.2%) (HR 1.02 [95% CI, 0.87 to 1.21], P = 0.79. In an ITT analysis, there were 42 cases of first occurrence of ischemic stroke reported, 27 (1.6%) in the simvastatin plus niacin extended-release group and 15 (0.9%) in the simvastatin plus placebo group, a non-statistically significant result (HR 1.79, [95%CI = 0.95 to 3.36], p = 0.071). The on-treatment ischemic stroke events were 19 for the simvastatin plus niacin extended-release group and 15 for the simvastatin plus placebo group [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . Cases of rhabdomyolysis have been associated with concomitant administration of lipid-altering doses (≥ 1 g/day) of niacin and statins. Elderly patients and patients with diabetes, renal failure, or uncontrolled hypothyroidism are particularly at risk. Monitor patients for any signs and symptoms of muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness, particularly during the initial months of therapy and during any periods of upward dosage titration. Periodic serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and potassium determinations should be considered in such situations, but there is no assurance that such monitoring will prevent the occurrence of severe myopathy. Cases of severe hepatic toxicity, including fulminant hepatic necrosis, have occurred in patients who have substituted sustained-release (modified-release, timed-release) niacin products for immediate-release (crystalline) niacin at equivalent doses.   Niacin extended-release should be used with caution in patients who consume substantial quantities of alcohol and/or have a past history of liver disease. Active liver diseases or unexplained transaminase elevations are contraindications to the use of niacin extended-release. Niacin preparations have been associated with abnormal liver tests. In three placebo-controlled clinical trials involving titration to final daily niacin extended-release doses ranging from 500 mg to 3,000 mg, 245 patients received niacin extended-release for a mean duration of 17 weeks. No patient with normal serum transaminase levels (AST, ALT) at baseline experienced elevations to more than 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) during treatment with niacin extended-release. In these studies, fewer than 1% (2/245) of niacin extended-release patients discontinued due to transaminase elevations greater than 2 times the ULN. Liver-related tests should be performed on all patients during therapy with niacin extended-release. Serum transaminase levels, including AST and ALT (SGOT and SGPT), should be monitored before treatment begins, every 6 weeks to 12 weeks for the first year, and periodically thereafter (e.g., at approximately 6-month intervals). Special attention should be paid to patients who develop elevated serum transaminase levels, and in these patients, measurements should be repeated promptly and then performed more frequently. If the transaminase levels show evidence of progression, particularly if they rise to 3 times ULN and are persistent or if they are associated with symptoms of nausea, fever, and/or malaise, the drug should be discontinued. Increase in Blood Glucose: Niacin treatment can increase fasting blood glucose. Frequent monitoring of blood glucose should be performed to ascertain that the drug is producing no adverse effects. Diabetic patients may experience a dose-related increase in glucose intolerance. Diabetic or potentially diabetic patients should be observed closely during treatment with niacin extended-release, particularly during the first few months of use or dose adjustment; adjustment of diet and/or hypoglycemic therapy may be necessary. Reduction in platelet count: Niacin extended-release has been associated with small but statistically significant dose-related reductions in platelet count (mean of -11% with 2,000 mg). Caution should be observed when niacin extended-release is administered concomitantly with anticoagulants; platelet counts should be monitored closely in such patients. Increase in Prothrombin Time (PT): Niacin extended-release has been associated with small but statistically significant increases in prothrombin time (mean of approximately +4%); accordingly, patients undergoing surgery should be carefully evaluated. Caution should be observed when niacin extended-release is administered concomitantly with anticoagulants; prothrombin time should be monitored closely in such patients. Increase in Uric Acid: Elevated uric acid levels have occurred with niacin therapy, therefore use with caution in patients predisposed to gout. Decrease in Phosphorus: In placebo-controlled trials, niacin extended-release has been associated with small but statistically significant, dose-related reductions in phosphorus levels (mean of -13% with 2,000 mg). Although these reductions were transient, phosphorus levels should be monitored periodically in patients at risk for hypophosphatemia.

The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling:

Statins: Caution should be used when prescribing niacin with statins as these agents can increase risk of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis. ( 5.2 , 7.1 ) Bile Acid Sequestrants: Bile acid sequestrants have a high niacin-binding capacity and should be taken at least 4 to 6 hours before niacin extended-release administration. ( 7.2 ) Caution should be used when prescribing niacin (≥ 1 gm/day) with statins as these drugs can increase risk of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis [see  Warnings and Precautions (5) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . An in vitro study results suggest that the bile acid-binding resins have high niacin binding capacity. Therefore, 4 to 6 hours, or as great an interval as possible, should elapse between the ingestion of bile acid-binding resins and the administration of niacin extended-release [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . Concomitant aspirin may decrease the metabolic clearance of nicotinic acid. The clinical relevance of this finding is unclear. Niacin may potentiate the effects of ganglionic blocking agents and vasoactive drugs resulting in postural hypotension. Vitamins or other nutritional supplements containing large doses of niacin or related compounds such as nicotinamide may potentiate the adverse effects of niacin extended-release. Niacin may produce false elevations in some fluorometric determinations of plasma or urinary catecholamines. Niacin may also give false-positive reactions with cupric sulfate solution (Benedict’s reagent) in urine glucose tests.

Pregnancy: Discontinue in patients with hyperlipidemia; assess individual risks and benefits in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. ( 8.1 ) Lactation: Advise patients not to breastfeed during treatment. ( 8.2 ) Renal impairment: Niacin extended-release should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment. ( 5 , 8.6 ) Hepatic impairment: Niacin extended-release is contraindicated in active liver disease or significant or unexplained hepatic dysfunction or unexplained elevations of serum transaminases. ( 4 , 5 , 5.3 , 8.7 ) Risk Summary Discontinue niacin extended-release when pregnancy is recognized in patients receiving the drug for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Assess the individual risks and benefits of continuing niacin extended-release during pregnancy in patients receiving the drug for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia. Advise patients to inform their healthcare provider of a known or suspected pregnancy. The potential for embryofetal toxicity with the doses of niacin in niacin extended-release tablets is unknown. The available data on niacin extended-release use in pregnant women are insufficient to evaluate for a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with niacin or with niacin extended-release tablets. Treatment of hypercholesterolemia is not generally necessary during pregnancy. Atherosclerosis is a chronic process and the discontinuation of lipid-lowering drugs during pregnancy should have little impact on the outcome of long-term therapy of primary hypercholesterolemia for most patients. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Risk Summary Niacin is present in human milk and the amount of niacin increases with maternal supplementation. There is no information on the effects of the doses of niacin in niacin extended-release tablets on the breastfed infant or the effects on milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfeeding infants, including hepatotoxicity, advise patients not to breastfeed during treatment with niacin extended-release. Safety and effectiveness of niacin therapy in pediatric patients (≤ 16 years) have not been established. Of 979 patients in clinical studies of niacin extended-release, 21% of the patients were age 65 and over. No overall differences in safety and effectiveness were observed between these patients and younger patients, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. No studies have been performed in this population. Niacin extended-release should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment [see Warnings and Precautions (5) ] . No studies have been performed in this population. Niacin extended-release should be used with caution in patients with a past history of liver disease and/or who consume substantial quantities of alcohol. Active liver disease, unexplained transaminase elevations and significant or unexplained hepatic dysfunction are contraindications to the use of niacin extended-release [see  Contraindications (4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] . Data from the clinical trials suggest that women have a greater hypolipidemic response than men at equivalent doses of niacin extended-release.

Niacin extended-release tablets,  500 mg are supplied as light orange to orange colored, round shaped, film-coated tablets debossed with “AN 321” on one side and plain on the other side. They are available as follows: Bottles of 30:              NDC 65162-321-03 Bottles of 90:              NDC 65162-321-09 Bottles of 500:            NDC 65162-321-50 Niacin extended-release tablets,  1000 mg are supplied as light orange to orange colored, capsule shaped, film-coated tablets debossed with “AN 323” on one side and plain on the other side. They are available as follows: Bottles of 30:              NDC 65162-323-03 Bottles of 90:              NDC 65162-323-09 Bottles of 500:            NDC 65162-323-50 Storage: Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].

The mechanism by which niacin alters lipid profiles has not been well defined. It may involve several actions including partial inhibition of release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue, and increased lipoprotein lipase activity, which may increase the rate of chylomicron triglyceride removal from plasma. Niacin decreases the rate of hepatic synthesis of VLDL and LDL, and does not appear to affect fecal excretion of fats, sterols, or bile acids. Absorption Due to extensive and saturable first-pass metabolism, niacin concentrations in the general circulation are dose dependent and highly variable. Time to reach the maximum niacin plasma concentrations was about 5 hours following niacin extended-release. To reduce the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) upset, administration of niacin extended-release with a low-fat meal or snack is recommended. Single-dose bioavailability studies have demonstrated that the 500 mg and 1,000 mg tablet strengths are dosage form equivalent but the 500 mg and 750 mg tablet strengths are not dosage form equivalent. Metabolism The pharmacokinetic profile of niacin is complicated due to extensive first-pass metabolism that is dose-rate specific and, at the doses used to treat dyslipidemia, saturable. In humans, one pathway is through a simple conjugation step with glycine to form nicotinuric acid (NUA). NUA is then excreted in the urine, although there may be a small amount of reversible metabolism back to niacin. The other pathway results in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). It is unclear whether nicotinamide is formed as a precursor to, or following the synthesis of, NAD. Nicotinamide is further metabolized to at least N-methylnicotinamide (MNA) and nicotinamide-N-oxide (NNO). MNA is further metabolized to two other compounds, N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2PY) and N-methyl-4-pyridone-5-carboxamide (4PY). The formation of 2PY appears to predominate over 4PY in humans. At the doses used to treat hyperlipidemia, these metabolic pathways are saturable, which explains the nonlinear relationship between niacin dose and plasma concentrations following multiple-dose niacin extended-release administration. Nicotinamide does not have hypolipidemic activity; the activity of the other metabolites is unknown. Elimination Following single and multiple doses, approximately 60% to 76% of the niacin dose administered as niacin extended-release was recovered in urine as niacin and metabolites; up to 12% was recovered as unchanged niacin after multiple dosing. The ratio of metabolites recovered in the urine was dependent on the dose administered. Pediatric Use No pharmacokinetic studies have been performed in this population (≤ 16 years) [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4) ] . Geriatric Use No pharmacokinetic studies have been performed in this population (> 65 years) [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5) ] . Renal Impairment No pharmacokinetic studies have been performed in this population. Niacin extended-release should be used with caution in patients with renal disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5) ] . Hepatic Impairment No pharmacokinetic studies have been performed in this population. Active liver disease, unexplained transaminase elevations and significant or unexplained hepatic dysfunction are contraindications to the use of niacin extended-release [see Contraindications (4) and Warnings and Precautions   (5.3) ] . Gender Steady-state plasma concentrations of niacin and metabolites after administration of niacin extended-release tablets are generally higher in women than in men, with the magnitude of the difference varying with dose and metabolite. This gender differences observed in plasma levels of niacin and its metabolites may be due to gender-specific differences in metabolic rate or volume of distribution. Recovery of niacin and metabolites in urine, however, is generally similar for men and women, indicating that absorption is similar for both genders [see Gender (8.8) ] . Drug interactions Fluvastatin Niacin did not affect fluvastatin pharmacokinetics [see Drug Interactions (7.1) ] . Lovastatin When niacin extended-release 2,000 mg and lovastatin 40 mg were co-administered, niacin extended-release increased lovastatin C max and AUC by 2% and 14%, respectively, and decreased lovastatin acid C max and AUC by 22% and 2%, respectively. Lovastatin reduced niacin extended-release bioavailability by 2% to 3% [see Drug Interactions (7.1) ] . Simvastatin When niacin extended-release 2,000 mg and simvastatin 40 mg were co-administered, niacin extended-release increased simvastatin C max and AUC by 1% and 9%, respectively, and simvastatin acid C max and AUC by 2% and 18%, respectively. Simvastatin reduced niacin extended-release bioavailability by 2% [see Drug Interactions (7.1) ] . Bile Acid Sequestrants An in vitro study was carried out investigating the niacin-binding capacity of colestipol and cholestyramine. About 98% of available niacin was bound to colestipol, with 10% to 30% binding to cholestyramine [see Drug Interactions (7.2) ] .

Niacin administered to mice for a lifetime as a 1% solution in drinking water was not carcinogenic. The mice in this study received approximately 6 to 8 times a human dose of 3,000 mg/day as determined on a mg/m 2 basis. Niacin was negative for mutagenicity in the Ames test. No studies on impairment of fertility have been performed. No studies have been conducted with niacin extended-release regarding carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, or impairment of fertility.

Niacin’s ability to reduce mortality and the risk of definite, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) has been assessed in long-term studies. The Coronary Drug Project, completed in 1975, was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of niacin and other lipid-altering drugs in men 30 to 64 years old with a history of MI. Over an observation period of 5 years, niacin treatment was associated with a statistically significant reduction in nonfatal, recurrent MI. The incidence of definite, nonfatal MI was 8.9% for the 1,119 patients randomized to nicotinic acid versus 12.2% for the 2,789 patients who received placebo ( p  < 0.004). Total mortality was similar in the two groups at 5 years (24.4% with nicotinic acid versus 25.4% with placebo; p =N.S.). At the time of a 15-year follow-up, there were 11% (69) fewer deaths in the niacin group compared to the placebo cohort (52.0% versus 58.2%; p =0.0004). However, mortality at 15 years was not an original endpoint of the Coronary Drug Project. In addition, patients had not received niacin for approximately 9 years, and confounding variables such as concomitant medication use and medical or surgical treatments were not controlled. The Cholesterol-Lowering Atherosclerosis Study (CLAS) was a randomized, placebo-controlled, angiographic trial testing combined colestipol and niacin therapy in 162 non-smoking males with previous coronary bypass surgery. The primary, per-subject cardiac endpoint was global coronary artery change score. After 2 years, 61% of patients in the placebo cohort showed disease progression by global change score (n=82), compared with only 38.8% of drug-treated subjects (n=80), when both native arteries and grafts were considered ( p  < 0.005); disease regression also occurred more frequently in the drug-treated group (16.2% versus 2.4%; p  = 0.002). In a follow-up to this trial in a subgroup of 103 patients treated for 4 years, again, significantly fewer patients in the drug-treated group demonstrated progression than in the placebo cohort (48% versus 85%, respectively; p  < 0.0001). The Familial Atherosclerosis Treatment Study (FATS) in 146 men ages 62 and younger with Apo B levels ≥125 mg/dL, established coronary artery disease, and family histories of vascular disease, assessed change in severity of disease in the proximal coronary arteries by quantitative arteriography. Patients were given dietary counseling and randomized to treatment with either conventional therapy with double placebo (or placebo plus colestipol if the LDL-C was elevated); lovastatin plus colestipol; or niacin plus colestipol. In the conventional therapy group, 46% of patients had disease progression (and no regression) in at least one of nine proximal coronary segments; regression was the only change in 11%. In contrast, progression (as the only change) was seen in only 25% in the niacin plus colestipol group, while regression was observed in 39%. Though not an original endpoint of the trial, clinical events (death, MI, or revascularization for worsening angina) occurred in 10 of 52 patients who received conventional therapy, compared with 2 of 48 who received niacin plus colestipol. Placebo-Controlled Clinical Studies in Patients with Primary Hyperlipidemia and Mixed Dyslipidemia: In two randomized, double-blind, parallel, multi-center, placebo-controlled trials, niacin extended-release dosed at 1,000 mg, 1,500 mg or 2,000 mg daily at bedtime with a low-fat snack for 16 weeks (including 4 weeks of dose escalation) favorably altered lipid profiles compared to placebo (Table 3). Women appeared to have a greater response than men at each niacin extended-release dose level (see Gender Effect , below). Table 3. Lipid Response to Niacin Extended-Release Therapy Mean Percent Change from Baseline to Week 16 * Treatment n TC LDL-C HDL-C TG Apo B Niacin Extended-Release 1,000 mg at 41 -3 -5 +18 -21 -6 bedtime Niacin Extended-Release 2,000 mg at 41 -10 -14 +22 -28 -16 bedtime Placebo 40 0 -1 +4 0 +1 Niacin Extended-Release 1,500 mg at 76 -8 -12 +20 -13 -12 bedtime Placebo 73 +2 +1 +2 +12 +1 n = number of patients at baseline; * Mean percent change from baseline for all niacin extended-release doses was significantly different ( p < 0.05) from placebo. In a double-blind, multi-center, forced dose-escalation study, monthly 500 mg increases in niacin extended-release dose resulted in incremental reductions of approximately 5% in LDL-C and Apo B levels in the daily dose range of 500 mg through 2,000 mg (Table 4). Women again tended to have a greater response to niacin extended-release than men (see Gender Effect , below). Table 4. Lipid Response in Dose-Escalation Study Mean Percent Change from Baseline * Treatment n TC LDL- C HDL-C TG Apo B Placebo ‡ 44 -2 -1 +5 -6 -2 Niacin extended-release 87 500 mg at bedtime -2 -3 +10 -5 -2 1,000 mg at bedtime -5 -9 +15 -11 -7 1,500 mg at bedtime -11 -14 +22 -28 -15 2,000 mg at bedtime -12 -17 +26 -35 -16 n = number of patients enrolled; ‡ Placebo data shown are after 24 weeks of placebo treatment. * For all niacin extended-release doses except 500 mg, mean percent change from baseline was significantly different ( p < 0.05) from placebo for all lipid parameters shown. Pooled results for major lipids from these three placebo-controlled studies are shown below (Table 5). Table 5. Selected Lipid Response to Niacin Extended-Release in Placebo-Controlled Clinical Studies * Mean Baseline and Median Percent Change from Baseline (25 th , 75 th Percentiles) Niacin Extended-Release Dose n LDL-C HDL-C TG 1,000 mg at bedtime 104 Baseline (mg/dL) 218 45 172       Percent Change -7 (-15, 0) +14 (+7, +23) -16 (-34, +3) 1500 mg at bedtime 120 Baseline (mg/dL) 212 46 171       Percent Change -13 (-21, -4) +19 (+9, +31) -25 (-45, -2) 2000 mg at bedtime 85 Baseline (mg/dL) 220 44 160       Percent Change -16 (-26, -7) +22 (+15, +34) -38 (-52, -14) * Represents pooled analyses of results; minimum duration on therapy at each dose was 4 weeks.   Gender Effect: Combined data from the three placebo-controlled niacin extended-release studies in patients with primary hyperlipidemia and mixed dyslipidemia suggest that, at each niacin extended-release dose level studied, changes in lipid concentrations are greater for women than for men (Table 6). Table 6. Effect of Gender on Niacin Extended-Release Dose Response Mean Percent Change from Baseline Niacin Extended-Release n LDL-C HDL-C TG Apo B Dose (M/F) M F M F M F M F 500 mg at bedtime 50/37 -2 -5 +11 +8 -3 -9 -1 -5 1,000 mg at bedtime 76/52 -6 * -11 * +14 +20 -10 -20 -5 * -10 * 1,500 mg at bedtime 104/59 -12 -16 +19 +24 -17 -28 -13 -15 2,000 mg at bedtime 75/53 -15 -18 +23 +26 -30 -36 -16 -16 n = number of male/female patients enrolled. * Percent change significantly different between genders ( p < 0.05). Other Patient Populations: In a double-blind, multi-center, 19-week study the lipid-altering effects of niacin extended-release (forced titration to 2,000 mg at bedtime) were compared to baseline in patients whose primary lipid abnormality was a low level of HDL-C (HDL-C ≤ 40 mg/dL, TG ≤ 400 mg/dL, and LDL-C ≤ 160, or <130 mg/dL in the presence of CHD). Results are shown below (Table 7). Table 7. Lipid Response to Niacin Extended-Release in Patients with Low HDL-C Mean Baseline and Mean Percent Change from Baseline * n TC LDL-C HDL-C TG Apo B † Baseline 88 190 120 31 194 106    (mg/dL) Week 19 71 -3 0 +26 -30 -9    (% Change) n = number of patients * Mean percent change from baseline was significantly different ( p < 0.05) for all lipid parameters shown except LDL-C. † n = 72 at baseline and 69 at week 19. At niacin extended-release 2,000 mg/day, median changes from baseline (25th, 75th percentiles) for LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG were -3% (-14, +12%), +27% (+13, +38%), and -33% (-50, -19%), respectively.

Niacin (nye’ a sin) Extended-Release Tablets for oral use Read this information carefully before you start taking niacin extended-release tablet(s) and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking with your doctor about your medical condition or your treatment. What are  niacin extended-release tablet(s)? Niacin extended-release tablet(s) are a prescription medicine used with diet and exercise to increase the good cholesterol (HDL) and lower the bad cholesterol (LDL) and fats (triglycerides) in your blood. Niacin extended-release tablet(s) is also used to lower the risk of heart attack in people who have had a heart attack and have high cholesterol. In people with coronary artery disease and high cholesterol, niacin extended-release tablet(s), when used with a bile acid-binding resin (another cholesterol medicine) can slow down or lessen the build-up of plaque (fatty deposits) in your arteries. In people with heart problems and well-controlled cholesterol, taking niacin extended-release tablet(s) with another cholesterol-lowering medicine (simvastatin) does not reduce heart attacks or strokes more than taking simvastatin alone. It is not known if niacin extended-release tablet(s) is safe and effective in children 16 years of age and under. Who should not take  niacin extended-release tablet(s)? Do not take niacin extended-release tablet(s) if you have: liver problems. a stomach ulcer. bleeding problems. an allergy to niacin or any of the ingredients in niacin extended-release tablet(s). See the end of this Patient Information leaflet for a complete list of ingredients in niacin extended-release tablet(s). What should I tell my doctor before taking  niacin extended-release tablet(s)? Before you take niacin extended-release tablet(s), tell your doctor about all your medical problems including, if you: have diabetes. Tell your doctor if your blood sugar levels change after you take niacin extended-release tablet(s). have gout. have kidney problems. are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if niacin extended-release tablet(s) will harm your unborn baby. Talk to your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while taking niacin extended-release tablet(s). are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Niacin can pass into your breast milk. You and your doctor should decide if you will take niacin extended-release tablet(s) or breastfeed. You should not do both. Talk to your doctor about the best way to feed your baby if you take niacin extended-release tablet(s). Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take, including prescription and  over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, herbal supplements or other nutritional supplements containing niacin or nicotinamide. Niacin extended-release tablet(s) and other medicines may affect each other causing side effects. Niacin extended-release tablet(s) may affect the way other medicines work, and other medicines may affect how niacin extended-release tablet(s) works. Especially tell your doctor if you take: other medicines to lower cholesterol or triglycerides aspirin blood pressure medicines blood thinner medicines large amounts of alcohol Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them to show your doctor and pharmacist when you get a new medicine. How should I take  niacin extended-release tablet(s)? Take niacin extended-release tablet(s) exactly as your doctor tells you to take it. Take niacin extended-release tablet(s) whole. Do not break, crush or chew niacin extended-release tablet(s) before swallowing. Take niacin extended-release tablet(s) 1 time a day at bedtime after a low-fat snack. Niacin extended-release tablet(s) should not be taken on an empty stomach. All forms of niacin are not the same as niacin extended-release tablet(s). Do not switch between forms of niacin without first talking to your doctor as severe liver damage can occur. Do not change your dose or stop taking niacin extended-release tablet(s) unless your doctor tells you to. If you need to stop taking niacin extended-release tablet(s), call your doctor before you start taking niacin extended-release tablet(s) again. Your doctor may need to lower your dose of niacin extended-release tablet(s). If you take too much niacin extended-release tablet(s), call your doctor right away. Medicines used to lower your cholesterol called bile acid resins, such as colestipol and cholestyramine, should not be taken at the same time of day as niacin extended-release tablet(s). You should take niacin extended-release tablet(s) and the bile acid resin medicine at least 4 to 6 hours apart. Your doctor may do blood tests before you start taking niacin extended-release tablet(s) and during your treatment. You should see your doctor regularly to check your cholesterol and triglyceride levels and to check for side effects. What are the possible side effects of  niacin extended-release tablet(s)? Niacin extended-release tablet(s) may cause serious side effects, including: unexplained muscle pain, tenderness or weakness severe liver problems. Signs of liver problems include: increased tiredness dark colored urine (tea-colored) loss of appetite light colored stools nausea right upper stomach (abdomen) pain yellowing of your skin or whites of your eye itchy skin high blood sugar level (glucose) Call your doctor right away if you have any of the side effects listed above. The most common side effects of niacin extended-release tablet(s) include: flushing diarrhea nausea vomiting increased cough rash itching Flushing is the most common side effect of  niacin extended-release tablet(s). Flushing happens when tiny blood vessels near the surface of the skin (especially on the face, neck, chest and/or back) open wider. Symptoms of flushing may include any or all of the following: warmth redness itching tingling of the skin Flushing does not always happen. If it does, it is usually within 2 to 4 hours after taking a dose of niacin extended-release tablet(s). Flushing may last for a few hours. Flushing is more likely to happen when you first start taking niacin extended-release tablet(s) or when your dose of niacin extended-release tablet(s) is increased. Flushing may get better after several weeks. If you wake up at night because of flushing, get up slowly, especially if you: feel dizzy or faint take blood pressure medicines To lower your chance of flushing: Ask your doctor if you can take aspirin to help lower the flushing side effect from niacin extended-release tablets. You can take aspirin (up to the recommended dose of 325 mg) about 30 minutes before you take niacin extended-release tablets to help lower the flushing side effect. Do not drink hot beverages (including coffee), alcohol, or eat spicy foods around the time you take niacin extended-release tablet(s). Take niacin extended-release tablet(s) with a low-fat snack to lessen upset stomach. People with high cholesterol and heart disease are at risk for a heart attack. Symptoms of a heart attack may be different from a flushing reaction from niacin extended-release tablet(s). The following may be symptoms of a heart attack due to heart disease and not a flushing reaction: chest pain pain in other areas of your upper body such as one or both arms, back, neck, jaw or stomach shortness of breath sweating nausea lightheadedness The chest pain you have with a heart attack may feel like uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness or pain that lasts more than a few minutes, or that goes away and comes back. Heart attacks may be sudden and intense, but often start slowly, with mild pain or discomfort. Call your doctor right away if you have any symptoms of a heart attack. Tell your doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or does not go away. These are not all the possible side effects of niacin extended-release tablet(s). For more information, ask your doctor or pharmacist. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. How should I store  niacin extended-release tablet(s)? Store niacin extended-release tablets at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). Keep niacin extended-release tablet(s) and all medicines out of the reach of children. General information about the safe and effective use of  niacin extended-release tablet(s). Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information leaflet. Do not use niacin extended-release tablet(s) for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give niacin extended-release tablet(s) to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. This Patient Information leaflet summarizes the most important information about niacin extended-release tablet(s). If you would like more information, talk with your doctor. You can ask your pharmacist or doctor for information about niacin extended-release tablet(s) that is written for health professionals. What are the ingredients in  niacin extended-release tablet(s)? Active ingredient: Niacin, USP Inactive Ingredients: FD&C yellow #6/sunset yellow FCF aluminum lake, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hypromellose, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, polyethylene glycol 400, stearic acid and titanium dioxide For more information, go to www.amneal.com or call Amneal Pharmaceuticals at 1-877-835-5472. This Patient Information has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Manufactured By: Amneal Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. Ahmedabad 382220, INDIA Distributed By: Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC Bridgewater, NJ 08807 Rev. 09-2023-05 Dispense with Patient Information available at: documents.amneal.com/mg/ppi-niacin-er-tab.pdf

NDC 65162-321-03 Niacin Extended-release Tablets, 500 mg 30 Tablets Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC 500 mg