DailyMed Label: Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine and Codeine Phosphate

DailyMed Label: Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine and Codeine Phosphate

2010

DailyMed Prescription

Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine and Codeine Phosphate

Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine and Codeine Phosphate

Physicians Total Care, Inc.

NDC: 54868-1037

NDC: 54868-1037

Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP is supplied in capsule form for oral administration. Each capsule contains the following active ingredients: butalbital, USP ……………………..50 mg aspirin, USP ……………………....325 mg caffeine, USP ………………………40 mg codeine phosphate, USP …………30 mg Butalbital (5-allyl-5-isobutylbarbituric acid) is a short- to intermediate-acting barbiturate. It has the following structural formula: C 11 H 16 N 2 O 3                                               molecular weight 224.26 Aspirin (benzoic acid, 2-(acetyloxy)-) is an analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory. It has the following structural formula: C 9 H 8 O 4                                               molecular weight 180.16 Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is a central nervous system stimulant. It has the following structural formula: C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2                                        molecular weight 194.19 Codeine phosphate (7,8-Didehydro-4,5α-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6α-ol phosphate (1:1) (salt) hemihydrate) is a narcotic analgesic and antitussive. It has the following structural formula: C 18 H 24 NO 7 P                                 anhydrous molecular weight 397.37 Inactive Ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, talc. Gelatin capsules contain D&C Yellow No.10, FD&C Blue No.1, FD&C Red No. 3, FD&C Yellow No. 6, gelatin, titanium dioxide. The capsules are printed with edible ink containing red iron oxide. image of butalbital chemical structure image of aspirin chemical structure image of caffeine chemical structure image of codeine phosphate chemical structure

Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP is indicated for the relief of the symptom complex of tension (or muscle contraction) headache. Evidence supporting the efficacy of butalbital, aspirin, caffeine, and codeine phosphate capsules is derived from 2 multi-clinic trials that compared patients with tension headache randomly assigned to 4 parallel treatments: butalbital, aspirin, caffeine, and codeine phosphate capsules; codeine; Butalbital, Aspirin, and Caffeine Capsules, USP; and placebo. Response was assessed over the course of the first 4 hours of each of 2 distinct headaches, separated by at least 24 hours. Butalbital, aspirin, caffeine, and codeine phosphate capsules proved statistically significantly superior to each of its components (Butalbital, Aspirin, and Caffeine Capsules, USP and codeine) and to placebo on measures of pain relief. Evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP in the treatment of multiple recurrent headaches is unavailable. Caution in this regard is required because codeine and butalbital are habit-forming and potentially abusable.

One or 2 capsules every 4 hours. Total daily dosage should not exceed 6 capsules. Extended and repeated use of this product is not recommended because of the potential for physical dependence.

Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP is contraindicated under the following conditions: Hypersensitivity or intolerance to aspirin, caffeine, butalbital or codeine. Patients with a hemorrhagic diathesis (e.g., hemophilia, hypoprothrombinemia, von Willebrand’s disease, the thrombocytopenias, thrombasthenia and other ill-defined hereditary platelet dysfunctions, severe vitamin K deficiency and severe liver damage). Patients with the syndrome of nasal polyps, angioedema and bronchospastic reactivity to aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Anaphylactoid reactions have occurred in such patients. Peptic ulcer or other serious gastrointestinal lesions. Patients with porphyria.

General Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP should be prescribed with caution for certain special-risk patients such as the elderly or debilitated, and those with severe impairment of renal or hepatic function, coagulation disorders, or head injuries, elevated intracranial pressure, acute abdominal conditions, hypothyroidism, urethral stricture, Addison’s disease, prostatic hypertrophy, and peptic ulcer. Aspirin should be used with caution in patients on anticoagulant therapy and in patients with underlying hemostatic defects. Precautions should be taken when administering salicylates to persons with known allergies. Hypersensitivity to aspirin is particularly likely in patients with nasal polyps, and relatively common in those with asthma. Ultra-rapid Metabolizers of Codeine Some individuals may be ultra-rapid metabolizers due to a specific CYP2D6*2x2 genotype. These individuals convert codeine into its active metabolite, morphine, more rapidly and completely than other people. This rapid conversion results in higher than expected serum morphine levels. Even at labeled dosage regimens, individuals who are ultra-rapid metabolizers may experience overdose symptoms such as extreme sleepiness, confusion or shallow breathing. The prevalence of this CYP2D6 phenotype varies widely and has been estimated at 0.5 to 1% in Chinese and Japanese, 0.5 to 1% in Hispanics, 1-10% in Caucasians, 3% in African Americans, and 16-28% in North Africans, Ethiopians and Arabs. Data is not available for other ethnic groups. When physicians prescribe codeine-containing drugs, they should choose the lowest effective dose for the shortest period of time and should inform their patients about these risks and the signs of morphine overdose. (See PRECAUTIONS, Nursing Mothers ) Information for Patients Patients should be informed that Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP contains aspirin and should not be taken by patients with an aspirin allergy. Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP may impair the mental and/or physical abilities required for performance of potentially hazardous tasks such as driving a car or operating machinery. Such tasks should be avoided while taking Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP. Alcohol and other CNS depressants may produce an additive CNS depression when taken with Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP, and should be avoided. Codeine and butalbital may be habit-forming. Patients should take the drug only for as long as it is prescribed, in the amounts prescribed, and no more frequently than prescribed. For information on use in geriatric patients, refer to PRECAUTIONS, Geriatric Use . Caution patients that some people have a variation in a liver enzyme and change codeine into morphine more rapidly and completely than other people. These people are ultra-rapid metabolizers and are more likely to have higher-than-normal levels of morphine in their blood after taking codeine which can result in overdose symptoms such as extreme sleepiness, confusion, or shallow breathing. In most cases, it is unknown if someone is an ultra-rapid codeine metabolizer. Nursing mothers taking codeine can also have higher morphine levels in their breast milk if they are ultra-rapid metabolizers. These higher levels of morphine in breast milk may lead to life-threatening or fatal side effects in nursing babies. Instruct nursing mothers to watch for signs of morphine toxicity in their infants including increased sleepiness (more than usual), difficulty breastfeeding, breathing difficulties, or limpness. Instruct nursing mothers to talk to the baby's doctor immediately if they notice these signs and, if they cannot reach the doctor right away, to take the baby to an emergency room or call 911 (or local emergency services). Laboratory Tests In patients with severe hepatic or renal disease, effects of therapy should be monitored with serial liver and/or renal function tests. Drug Interactions The CNS effects of butalbital may be enhanced by monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. In patients receiving concomitant corticosteroids and chronic use of aspirin, withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylism because corticosteroids enhance renal clearance of salicylates and their withdrawal is followed by return to normal rates of renal clearance. Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP may enhance the effects of: Oral anticoagulants, causing bleeding by inhibiting prothrombin formation in the liver and displacing anticoagulants from plasma protein binding sites. Oral antidiabetic agents and insulin, causing hypoglycemia by contributing an additive effect, if dosage of Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP exceeds maximum recommended daily dosage. 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate, causing bone marrow toxicity and blood dyscrasias by displacing these drugs from secondary binding sites, and, in the case of methotrexate, also reducing its excretion. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, increasing the risk of peptic ulceration and bleeding by contributing additive effects. Other narcotic analgesics, alcohol, general anesthetics, tranquilizers such as chlordiazepoxide, sedative-hypnotics, or other CNS depressants, causing increased CNS depression. Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP may diminish the effects of: Uricosuric agents such as probenecid and sulfinpyrazone, reducing their effectiveness in the treatment of gout. Aspirin competes with these agents for protein binding sites. Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions Aspirin: Aspirin may interfere with the following laboratory determinations in blood: serum amylase, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, protein, serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), uric acid, prothrombin time and bleeding time. Aspirin may interfere with the following laboratory determinations in urine: glucose, 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid, Gerhardt ketone, vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), uric acid, diacetic acid, and spectrophotometric detection of barbiturates. Codeine: Codeine may increase serum amylase levels. Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Adequate long-term studies have been conducted in mice and rats with aspirin, alone or in combination with other drugs, in which no evidence of carcinogenesis was seen. No adequate studies have been conducted in animals to determine whether aspirin has a potential for mutagenesis or impairment of fertility. No adequate studies have been conducted in animals to determine whether butalbital has a potential for carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, or impairment of fertility. Usage in Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP. It is also not known whether Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP should be given to a pregnant woman only when clearly needed. Nonteratogenic Effects Although Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP was not implicated in the birth defect, a female infant was born with lissencephaly, pachygyria and heterotopic gray matter. The infant was born 8 weeks prematurely to a woman who had taken an average of 90 butalbital, aspirin, caffeine, and codeine phosphate capsules each month from the first few days of pregnancy. The child’s development was mildly delayed and from one year of age she had partial simple motor seizures. Withdrawal seizures were reported in a two-day-old male infant whose mother had taken a butalbital-containing drug during the last 2 months of pregnancy. Butalbital was found in the infant’s serum. The infant was given phenobarbital 5 mg/kg, which was tapered without further seizure or other withdrawal symptoms. Studies of aspirin use in pregnant women have not shown that aspirin increases the risk of abnormalities when administered during the first trimester of pregnancy. In controlled studies involving 41,337 pregnant women and their offspring, there was no evidence that aspirin taken during pregnancy caused stillbirth, neonatal death or reduced birth weight. In controlled studies of 50,282 pregnant women and their offspring, aspirin administration in moderate and heavy doses during the first four lunar months of pregnancy showed no teratogenic effect. Reproduction studies have been performed in rabbits and rats at doses up to 150 times the human dose and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to codeine. Therapeutic doses of aspirin in pregnant women close to term may cause bleeding in mother, fetus, or neonate. During the last 6 months of pregnancy, regular use of aspirin in high doses may prolong pregnancy and delivery. Labor and Delivery Ingestion of aspirin prior to delivery may prolong delivery or lead to bleeding in the mother or neonate. Use of codeine during labor may lead to respiratory depression in the neonate. Nursing Mothers Aspirin, caffeine, barbiturates and codeine are excreted in breast milk in small amounts, but the significance of their effects on nursing infants is not known. Because of potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. Codeine is secreted into human milk. In women with normal codeine metabolism (normal CYP2D6 activity), the amount of codeine secreted into human milk is low and dose-dependent. Despite the common use of codeine products to manage postpartum pain, reports of adverse events in infants are rare. However, some women are ultra-rapid metabolizers of codeine. These women achieve higher-than-expected serum levels of codeine's active metabolite, morphine, leading to higher-than-expected levels of morphine in breast milk and potentially dangerously high serum morphine levels in their breastfed infants. Therefore, maternal use of codeine can potentially lead to serious adverse reactions, including death, in nursing infants. The prevalence of this CYP2D6 phenotype varies widely and has been estimated at 0.5 to 1% in Chinese and Japanese, 0.5 to 1% in Hispanics, 1-10% in Caucasians, 3% in African Americans, and 16-28% in North Africans, Ethiopians and Arabs. Data is not available for other ethnic groups. The risk of infant exposure to codeine and morphine through breast milk should be weighed against the benefits of breastfeeding for both the mother and baby. Caution should be exercised when codeine is administered to a nursing woman. If a codeine containing product is selected, the lowest dose should be prescribed for the shortest period of time to achieve the desired clinical effect. Mothers using codeine should be informed about when to seek immediate medical care and how to identify the signs and symptoms of neonatal toxicity, such as drowsiness or sedation, difficulty breastfeeding, breathing difficulties, and decreased tone, in their baby. Nursing mothers who are ultra-rapid metabolizers may also experience overdose symptoms such as extreme sleepiness, confusion or shallow breathing. Prescribers should closely monitor mother-infant pairs and notify treating pediatricians about the use of codeine during breastfeeding. (See PRECAUTIONS, General, Ultra-rapid Metabolizers of Codeine ) Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established. Geriatric Use Clinical studies of butalbital, aspirin, caffeine, and codeine phosphate capsules did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. Butalbital is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.

The most commonly reported adverse events associated with the use of butalbital, aspirin, caffeine, and codeine phosphate capsules and not reported at an equivalent incidence by placebo-treated patients were nausea and/or abdominal pain, drowsiness, and dizziness.

Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP Blue cap with a yellow body. Cap is imprinted with “WATSON” in red. Body is imprinted with “3546” in red. Supplied in: bottles of 20    NDC 54868-1037-1 bottles of 30    NDC 54868-1037-3 bottles of 60    NDC 54868-1037-5 bottles of 120  NDC 54868-1037-4 which are supplied with child-resistant closures. Store and Dispense Below 25°C (77°F); tight container. Protect from moisture. Rx only Watson Laboratories, Inc. Corona, CA 92880 USA Revised: January 2007 BASPCC01/07 S0107 Relabeling and Repackaging by: Physicians Total Care, Inc. Tulsa, OK      74146

Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP is a combination drug product intended as a treatment for tension headache. Butalbital, Aspirin, and Caffeine Capsules, USP consists of a fixed combination of caffeine 40 mg, butalbital 50 mg, and aspirin 325 mg. The role each component plays in the relief of the complex of symptoms known as tension headache is incompletely understood. Pharmacokinetics Bioavailability: The bioavailability of the components of the fixed combination of Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP is identical to their bioavailability when Butalbital, Aspirin, and Caffeine Capsules, USP and codeine are administered separately in equivalent molar doses. The behavior of the individual components is described below. Aspirin The systemic availability of aspirin after an oral dose is highly dependent on the dosage form, the presence of food, the gastric emptying time, gastric pH, antacids, buffering agents, and particle size. These factors affect not necessarily the extent of absorption of total salicylates but more the stability of aspirin prior to absorption. During the absorption process and after absorption, aspirin is mainly hydrolyzed to salicylic acid and distributed to all body tissues and fluids, including fetal tissues, breast milk, and the central nervous system (CNS). Highest concentrations are found in plasma, liver, renal cortex, heart, and lung. In plasma, about 50%-80% of the salicylic acid and its metabolites are loosely bound to plasma proteins. The clearance of total salicylates is subject to saturable kinetics; however, first-order elimination kinetics are still a good approximation for doses up to 650 mg. The plasma half-life for aspirin is about 12 minutes and for salicylic acid and/or total salicylates is about 3 hours. The elimination of therapeutic doses is through the kidneys either as salicylic acid or other biotransformation products. The renal clearance is greatly augmented by an alkaline urine as is produced by concurrent administration of sodium bicarbonate or potassium citrate. The biotransformation of aspirin occurs primarily in the hepatocytes. The major metabolites are salicyluric acid (75%), the phenolic and acyl glucuronides of salicylate (15%), and gentisic and gentisuric acid (1%). The bioavailability of the aspirin component of Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP is equivalent to that of a solution except for a slower rate of absorption. A peak concentration of 8.8 mcg/mL was obtained at 40 minutes after a 650 mg dose. See OVERDOSAGE for toxicity information. Codeine Codeine is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is rapidly distributed from the intravascular spaces to the various body tissues, with preferential uptake by parenchymatous organs such as the liver, spleen, and kidney. Codeine crosses the blood-brain barrier, and is found in fetal tissue and breast milk. The plasma concentration does not correlate with brain concentration or relief of pain, however, codeine is not bound to plasma proteins and does not accumulate in body tissues. The plasma half-life is about 2.9 hours. The elimination of codeine is primarily via the kidneys, and about 90% of an oral dose is excreted by the kidneys within 24 hours of dosing. The urinary secretion products consist of free and glucuronide-conjugated codeine (about 70%), free and conjugated norcodeine (about 10%), free and conjugated morphine (about 10%), normorphine (4%), and hydrocodone (1%). The remainder of the dose is excreted in the feces. At therapeutic doses, the analgesic effect reaches a peak within 2 hours and persists between 4 and 6 hours. The bioavailability of the codeine component of Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP is equivalent to that of a solution. Peak concentrations of 198 ng/mL were obtained at 1 hour after a 60 mg dose. See OVERDOSAGE for toxicity information. Butalbital Butalbital is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is expected to distribute to most of the tissues in the body. Barbiturates, in general, may appear in breast milk and readily cross the placental barrier. They are bound to plasma and tissue proteins to a varying degree and binding increases directly as a function of lipid solubility. Elimination of butalbital is primarily via the kidney (59%-88% of the dose) as unchanged drug or metabolites. The plasma half-life is about 35 hours. Urinary excretion products included parent drug (about 3.6% of the dose), 5-isobutyl-5-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) barbituric acid (about 24% of the dose), 5-allyl-5(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propyl) barbituric acid (about 4.8% of the dose), products with the barbituric acid ring hydrolyzed with excretion of urea (about 14% of the dose), as well as unidentified materials. Of the material excreted in the urine, 32% was conjugated. The bioavailability of the butalbital component of Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP is equivalent to that of a solution except for a decrease in the rate of absorption. A peak concentration of 2,020 ng/mL is obtained at about 1.5 hours after a 100 mg dose. The in vitro plasma protein binding of butalbital is 45% over the concentration range of 0.5-20 mcg/mL. This falls within the range of plasma protein binding (20%-45%) reported with other barbiturates such as phenobarbital, pentobarbital, and secobarbital sodium. The plasma-to-blood concentration ratio was almost unity indicating that there is no preferential distribution of butalbital into either plasma or blood cells. See OVERDOSAGE for toxicity information. Caffeine Like most xanthines, caffeine is rapidly absorbed and distributed in all body tissues and fluids, including the CNS, fetal tissues, and breast milk. Caffeine is cleared rapidly through metabolism and excretion in the urine. The plasma half-life is about 3 hours. Hepatic biotransformation prior to excretion results in about equal amounts of 1-methylxanthine and 1-methyluric acid. Of the 70% of the dose that has been recovered in the urine, only 3% was unchanged drug. The bioavailability of the caffeine component Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP is equivalent to that of a solution except for a slightly longer time to peak. A peak concentration of 1,660 ng/mL was obtained in less than an hour for an 80 mg dose. See OVERDOSAGE for toxicity information.

Butalbital, Aspirin, Caffeine, and Codeine Phosphate Capsules, USP 50 mg/325 mg/40 mg/30 mg image of package label